Health News – Trending Links

• Green-Med Diet Seems to Slow Age-Related Neurodegeneration A green Mediterranean diet, high in polyphenols and low in red and processed meat, seems to slow age-related brain atrophy, according to a new study. The DIRECT PLUS 18-month long randomized control trial among approximately 300 participants is one of the longest and largest brain MRI trials in the world.
• The Role of Ribosomes in Age-Related Diseases Research finds that the cellular assembly line that produces proteins can stall with age, triggering a snowball effect that increases the output of misfolded proteins. In humans, clumps of misfolded proteins contribute to age-linked Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
• Risk of Overactive Bladder Associated with Medications for Dementia A study evaluating the risk of overactive bladder as a side effect of cholinesterase inhibitor drugs taken for dementia and Alzheimer's disease, finds that one drug – Donepezil – is linked to increased risk of the distressing side effect.
• Gut Fungi Linked to Intestinal Inflammation in Crohn’s Disease Patients Results of a new study by researchers at Case Western Reserve University represent a step toward improving our understanding of Crohn's disease and the factors that cause its intestinal inflammation.
• Marijuana Users’ Risk of Deadly Complication Doubles After Rare Type of Bleeding Stroke Among adults with a certain type of bleeding stroke, those who used marijuana within the last 3-30 days were more than twice as likely to develop a serious stroke complication that increases the risk of death and disability. The study is the largest to examine the impact of THC, the mood-changing ingredient in marijuana, on complications after a bleeding stroke.
• High-Dose Vitamin D Supplements Fail to Lower Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer in Five Year Study A trial found that taking a much higher dose of vitamin D than recommended for five years did not affect total mortality or the incidence of cardiovascular disease or cancer in older men and women.
• Improved Motor, Sensory, and Cognitive Recovery of Hand and Arm Function After Stroke Stroke survivors have improved recovery of hand and arm function with the help a new rehabilitation protocol thanks to finely tuned electrostimulation of target muscles in the arm.
• Scientists Uncover New Insight on Cellular Death (Pyroptosis) Process Thought Irreversible Researchers report a new method for analyzing pyroptosis – the process of cell death that is usually caused by infections and results in excess inflammation in the body – and show that the process, long thought to be irreversible once initiated, can in fact be halted and controlled.
• Stopping Dementia at The Nose With Combination of Rifampicin and Resveratrol Researchers have shown in mice models of Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies, that the intranasal administration of rifampicin and resveratrol in combination is safer and improves cognitive function more than rifampicin alone. The research results are expected to lead to the development of safe and effective nasal spray for the prevention of dementia.
• Radiation May Damage Biological Tissues via Previously Unnoticed Mechanism When cells are exposed to ionizing radiation, more destructive chain reactions may occur than previously thought. Ionizing radiation from radioactivity or from space damages two neighboring molecules and ultimately leads to the breaking of bonds – like the ones in DNA and proteins.
• For Some Greenlanders, Eating Sugar is Healthy A genetic variation among some Greenlanders makes sugar healthy – significantly more than for most people. According to a new study, gut bacteria and a unique diet that has nourished Greenlanders for millennia have provided them with a genetic variation that offers an incredible advantage.
• Taking It Easy As You Get Older? Wrong Evolutionary biologists and biomedical researchers lay out evolutionary and biomedical evidence showing that humans, who evolved to live many decades after they stopped reproducing, also evolved to be relatively active in their later years.
• Late-Onset Retinal Degeneration and Potential Treatment A study has discovered how late-onset retinal degeneration can develop and a surprising potential therapeutic – metformin.
• Chemicals in Hair and Beauty Products Impact Hormones During Pregnancy Use of certain personal care products during pregnancy may impact maternal hormone levels. Personal care and beauty products contain a wide range of endocrine-disrupting chemicals like phthalates, parabens, phenols, parabens and toxic metals that interact with hormone systems, influencing synthesis, regulation, transport, metabolism and hormone reception, which are all especially vulnerable during pregnancy.
• Plant-Based Diet Reduces The Risk of Cognitive Impairment in The Elderly A diet rich in plant products, such as cocoa, coffee, mushrooms and red wine, and polyphenol-rich foods (apple, cocoa, green tea, blueberries, oranges or pomegranates) reduces the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in the elderly.
• The Diabetes Medication That Could Revolutionize Heart Failure Treatment A medication originally used for patients with diabetes is the first to help people with heart failure and could revolutionize treatment. Early research had shown that SGLT2 inhibitors could help around half of heart failure patients – those with a condition known as reduction ejection fraction. But a new study shows that the medication could be beneficial for all heart failure patients – including those with a second type of heart failure called preserved ejection fraction.
• Common Food Additive Disrupts Nutrients and Beneficial Bacteria in Human Gut New clinical research indicates that a widely used food additive, carboxymethylcellulose, alters the intestinal environment of healthy persons, perturbing levels of beneficial bacteria and nutrients.
• Plant-Derived Antiviral is Effective in Blocking Highly Infectious SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant A plant-based antiviral has been found to be just as effective at treating all variants of the virus SARS-CoV-2, even the highly infectious Delta variant.
• Newly Identified RNA Molecule Suppresses Prostate Tumor Growth Scientists have identified an RNA molecule that suppresses prostate tumors. Prostate cancers shut down this RNA molecule to allow themselves to grow. Restoring this so-called long non-coding RNA could be a new strategy to treat prostate cancer that has developed resistance to hormonal therapies.
• New Symptoms May Help Doctors Diagnose Pancreatic Cancer Researchers have identified a series of symptoms associated with pancreatic cancer, including two previously unrecognized symptoms – feeling thirsty and having dark urine.
• Fecal Transplants From Young Mice Like 'Fountain of Youth' For Old Mice It might not be the fountain of youth we've dreamed of, but experiments in mice suggest one possible, if distasteful, path to rejuvenation: a dose of the microbial ecosystem from the gut of a healthy youngster reversed age-related inflammation in the body and the brains of older mice, and changed the chemistry of their brain's hippocampus to resemble that of younger mice.
• Bone Mineral Density Decreases Less Than Expected After Menopause Bone mineral density at the femoral neck bone in postmenopausal women decreased by an average of 10% during a 25-year follow-up, according to a new study. The study shows that bone loss after menopause is significantly lower than has previously been assumed on the basis of earlier studies.
• Chemo Helps Breast Cancer Cells Get ‘Foot in The Door’ to Lungs A new study adds to the evidence that chemotherapy enhances cancer's spread beyond the primary tumor, showing how one chemo drug allows breast cancer cells to squeeze through and attach to blood vessel linings in the lungs.
• Blood Metabolites Associated With Coffee Consumption May Affect Kidney Disease Risk Researchers have identified several metabolites in the blood whose levels are altered by coffee consumption. Levels of 3 of these coffee-related metabolites were significantly associated with individuals' risk of developing chronic kidney disease.
• Eating One Serving of Full Grains Daily Reduces Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Increased consumption of whole grain foods could significantly reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes and the costs associated with its treatment according to a recent study by the University of Eastern Finland.
• Burning and Tingling in Your Feet? You May Have Small Fiber Neuropathy The number of people experiencing numbness, tingling and pain in their feet with no known cause has been increasing over the last two decades, according at a new study. Called small fiber neuropathy, the condition has different symptoms than large fiber neuropathy, which can cause weakness and balance issues. But in many cases people have both types of neuropathy.
• Family of Proteins Offers Promise as Treatment for Ischemic Stroke Boosting a family of naturally occurring proteins that dampens inflammation in the body has been shown to be effective in reducing damage from an ischemic stroke, according to preclinical research.
• Common Pesticide Chlorpyrifos May Contribute to Global Obesity Crisis Researchers discovered that chlorpyrifos, which is banned for use on foods in Canada but widely sprayed on fruits and vegetables in many other parts of the world, slows down the burning of calories in the brown adipose tissue of mice. Reducing this burning of calories, a process known as diet-induced thermogenesis, causes the body to store these extra calories, promoting obesity.
• Reversal of Lung Ribrosis in Mice Suggests a Novel Therapeutic Target for Pulmonary Fibrosis Researchers have reversed lung fibrosis in a mouse model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Mice with lung fibrosis were treated for 21 days with Venetoclax, a FDA approved medication used to treat several forms of leukemia. The treated mice had normal lung architecture at 21 days and no collagen deposition. These results suggest a novel therapeutic target to reverse fibrotic remodeling in the lungs.
• Potential COVID-19 Medication Found Among Tapeworm Drugs A group of medications long prescribed to treat tapeworm has inspired a compound that shows two-pronged effectiveness against COVID-19 in laboratory studies, according to a new publication appearing online in the journal ACS Infectious Disease.
• New CRISPR/Cas9 Technique Corrects Cystic Fibrosis in Cultured Human Stem Cells Researchers corrected mutations that cause cystic fibrosis in cultured human stem cells. They used a technique called prime editing to replace the 'faulty' piece of DNA with a healthy piece. The study shows that prime editing is safer than the conventional CRISPR/Cas9 technique.
• New Drug Combo Shows Early Potential for Treating Pancreatic Cancer Pancreatic cancer affects about 60,000 Americans every year and is one of the deadliest forms of cancer with, fewer than 10 percent of patients surviving for five years after diagnosis. Now researchers have developed an immunotherapy strategy that can eliminate pancreatic tumors in mice. The new therapy, a combination of three drugs that boost the body's immune defenses against tumors, is expected to enter clinical trials later this year.
• Team Finds Brain Mechanism That Automatically Links Objects in Our Minds When we see a toothbrush, a car, a tree – any individual object – our brain automatically associates it with other things it naturally occurs with, allowing us to build context for our surroundings and set expectations for the world. By using machine-learning and brain imaging, researchers have measured the extent of the "co-occurrence" phenomenon and identified the brain region involved.
• Our Genes Shape Our Gut Bacteria, New Research Shows Researchers discovered that most bacteria in the gut microbiome are heritable after looking at more than 16,000 gut microbiome profiles collected over 14 years from a long-studied population of baboons in Kenya's Amboseli National Park. The team also found that several of the microbiome traits heritable in baboons are also heritable in humans.
• Accelerating Regeneration of Torn Nerve Fibers to Repair Peripheral Nerve Injuries One of the main problems preventing optimal regeneration following peripheral nerve injuries is that axons within severed nerves have difficulty regenerating and reaching their target. This may be attributed in part to misguided axons that sprout in multiple directions, decreasing probability to reach their target organs. A new technique fills a nerve conduit with gel containing physical and chemical components that promote and align axon regrowth.
• Ultra-processed food linked to higher risk of IBD A higher intake of ultra-processed food is associated with higher risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), finds a new study.
• New Promising Approach for Treating Cystic Fibrosis A new CF treatment strategy involves small, nucleic acid molecules called oligonucleotides that can correct some of the gene defects that underlie CF but are not addressed by existing modulator therapies. The researchers used a new delivery method that overcomes traditional obstacles of getting oligonucleotides into lung cells.
• Rudeness Leads to Anchoring, Including in Medical Diagnoses Research looks at how experiencing rudeness amplifies anchoring bias including in doctors' decision-making.
• Success of Ketogenic Diet for Cancer Case Study for Typically Fatal Glioblastoma Could a ketogenic diet for cancer prove beneficial? In this case study a British man rejected the standard of care to treat his terminal brain cancer. After adopting a ketogenic diet in 2014, his typically fatal glioblastoma tumor grew at a very slow rate.
• Targeted Drug Found Effective in Thwarting Pancreatic Tumors Through a pre-clinical study, researchers identified a novel drug that effectively thwarts pancreatic tumors that are addicted to the cancer-causing mutant KRAS gene.
• Rapamycin Promotes Longevity by Changing How DNA is Stored in Gut Cells Researchers discovered an unexpected link between DNA winding and gut metabolism. Rapamycin, a well-known anti-aging candidate, has been shown to target gut cells to to alter DNA storage and promote gut health and longevity.
• Aging: Clinical Trial on Potential Reversal of Epigenetic Age Using a Diet and Lifestyle Aging published "Potential reversal of epigenetic age using a diet and lifestyle intervention: a pilot randomized clinical trial" which reported on a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted among 43 healthy adult males between the ages of 50-72. The 8-week treatment program included diet, sleep, exercise and relaxation guidance, and supplemental probiotics and phytonutrients.
• New Study Shows How to Boost Muscle Regeneration and Rebuild Tissue One of the many effects of aging is loss of muscle mass, which contributes to disability in older people. To counter this loss, scientists at the Salk Institute are studying ways to accelerate the regeneration of muscle tissue, using a combination of molecular compounds that are commonly used in stem-cell research.
• Moderate Alcohol Consumption May Help Heart by Calming Stress Signals Moderate alcohol intake – defined as no more than one alcoholic drink for women and two for men per day – has been associated with a lower risk of dying from cardiovascular disease when compared with individuals who abstain from drinking or partake in excessive drinking, according to a new study.
• Low-Dose, Four-Drug Combo Blocks Cancer Spread in Mice Low doses of a four-drug combination helps prevent the spread of cancer in mice without triggering drug resistance or recurrence, shows a new study.
• New Research Links Gut Bacteria to Neurodegenerative Conditions A new study establishes a link between specific bacteria species and physical manifestations of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and ALS.
• Experimental Drug Shows Potential Against Alzheimer's Disease Researchers have designed an experimental drug that reversed key symptoms of Alzheimer's disease in mice. The drug works by reinvigorating a cellular cleaning mechanism that gets rid of unwanted proteins by digesting and recycling them.
• Processed Foods Might Promote Chronic Infections Linked to Chronic Disorders Such as Diabetes Processed diets, which are low in fiber, may initially reduce the incidence of foodborne infectious diseases such as E. coli infections, but might also increase the incidence of diseases characterized by low-grade chronic infection and inflammation such as diabetes, according to researchers.
• Common Supplement Betaine Treats Schizophrenia in Mice A simple dietary supplement reduces behavioral symptoms in mice with a genetic mutation that causes schizophrenia. After additional experiments, including visualizing the fluorescently stained dancing edge of immature brain cells, researchers concluded that the supplement likely protects proteins that build neurons' cellular skeletons.
• Bioprinting Skin and Bones During Surgery Fixing traumatic injuries to the skin and bones of the face and skull is difficult because of the many layers of different types of tissues involved, but now, researchers are testing bioprinting these tissues during surgery.
• Study suggests role of sleep in healing traumatic brain injuries Sound sleep plays a critical role in healing traumatic brain injury, a new study of military veterans suggests.
• Halting Cell Recycling (Autophagy) to Treat Cancer Targeting and changing autophagy, otherwise known as cell recycling, has been linked to helping control or diminish certain cancers. Now, researchers have shown that completely halting this process in a very aggressive form of breast cancer may improve outcomes for patients one day.
• Animal and Human Data Reveal New Target for Reversing Age-Related Decline A new study shows that humans express a powerful hormone during exercise and that treating mice with the hormone improves physical performance, capacity and fitness. Researchers say the findings present new possibilities for addressing age-related physical decline.
• Compound Slows Bone Loss and Extends Lifespan in Animal Studies, May Aid in Treatments to Slow Aging Benzoxazole, the compound that slowed bone aging by up to 31% over the course of a year's treatment in the mice, was first identified as one of five compounds that extended nematode lifespan in the Lithgow lab in a study that appeared in Nature in 2011.
• New Class of Antibiotics Kill a Wide Range of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Scientists have discovered a new class of compounds that uniquely combine direct antibiotic killing of pan drug-resistant bacterial pathogens with a simultaneous rapid immune response for combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
• Synthetic Llama Antibodies Rescue Doomed Proteins Inside Cells Researchers have created a new technology using synthetic llama antibodies to prevent specific proteins from being destroyed inside cells. The approach could be used to treat dozens of diseases, including cystic fibrosis, that arise from the destruction of imperfect but still perfectly functional proteins.
• Scientists Reverse Age-Related Vision Loss, Eye Damage From Glaucoma in Mice Researchers at Harvard Medical School have successfully reversed age-related vision loss in animals as well as eye damage stemming from with a condition mimicking human glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness around the world.
• Cervical Cancer Survival May Improve by Targeting Senescent Cells How well women with cervical cancer respond to treatment and survive correlates with the level of 10 proteins in their blood that also are associated with a 'zombie' cell state called senescence, scientists report.
• Researchers Discover New Particle in Blood of Septic Patients Researchers have found that people with sepsis have never-before-seen particles in their blood. The scientists are the first to show that these particles, called elongated neutrophil-derived structures (ENDS), break off of immune cells and change their shape as they course through the body.
• Quercetin Activates Proteins Important for Human Brain and Heart Health Quercetin, a plant-derived bioflavonoid compound commonly found in pickled capers, has been shown to activate proteins required for normal human brain and heart activity, and may even lead to future therapies for the treatment of epilepsy and abnormal heart rhythms.
• Multivitamin, Mineral Supplement Linked to Less-Severe, Shorter-Lasting Illness Symptoms Older adults who took a daily multivitamin and mineral supplement with zinc and high amounts of vitamin C in a 12-week study experienced sickness for shorter periods and with less severe symptoms than counterparts in a control group receiving a placebo.
• Cashew Shell Compound Appears to Mend Damaged Nerves In laboratory experiments, a chemical compound found in the shell of the cashew nut promotes the repair of myelin, a team from Vanderbilt University Medical Center reports in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
• Eosinophil Cell Therapy Reverses Age-Related Impairments, Promotes Rejuvenation Researchers demonstrate in an animal model that age-related frailty and immune decline can be halted and even partially reversed using a novel cell-based therapeutic approach.
• Tocilizumab Calms 'Cytokine Storm' to Reduce Risk of Dying by 45 Percent in COVID-19 Patients on Ventilators Patients who received single intravenous dose of tocilizumab were also more likely to leave the hospital or be off ventilator within a month, despite double the risk of additional infection, according to a new study.
• Significantly Less Addictive Kappa Opioid May Slow Progression of Osteoarthritis While Easing Pain A new study reveals that kappa opioids, a significantly less addictive opioid, may preserve cartilage in joints and ease pain.
• Charcoal Nano-materials Fight Superoxide-Induced Disease, May Aid Treatment of COVID-19 Artificial enzymes made of treated charcoal could have the power to curtail damaging levels of superoxides, toxic radical oxygen ions that appear at high concentrations after an injury.
• Breakthrough Discovery to Transform Prostate Cancer Treatment A novel formulation of the prostate cancer drug abiraterone acetate - currently marketed as Zytiga - will dramatically improve the quality of life for people suffering from prostate cancer, as pre-clinical trials show the new formulation improves the drug's effectiveness by 40 per cent.
• Viruses Steal Genetic Code to Create New Human-Virus Genes Now researchers have shown that a large group of viruses, including the influenza viruses and other serious pathogens, steal genetic signals from their hosts to expand their own genomes.
• Antihistamines May Slow Early Progression of Huntington's Disease Scientists have described a potential new therapeutic strategy for slowing down early-stage Huntington's disease.
• Aspirin Linked to Reduction of Cancers of the Digestive Tract The largest and most comprehensive analysis to date of the link between aspirin and cancers of the digestive tract has shown that it is associated not only with a significant reduction in the risk of developing bowel cancer but also of several other cancers that almost invariably fatal, such as pancreatic and liver cancers.
• Proteins May Block Lethal Cytokine Storms Seen in COVID-19 Patients A team of researchers has developed specialized antibody-like receptor proteins that they believe could soak up the excess cytokines produced during a cytokine storm. This excessive immune response, sometimes seen in Covid-19 patients, can be fatal.
• Emotional Stress Remodels Neurons to Alter Brain Function Working in a mouse model, researchers report that a single stressful event produced quick and long-lasting changes in astrocytes, the brain cells that clean up neurotransmitters after they've communicated information between nerve cells.
• Researchers Identify New Marker That Predicts Likely Spread of Lung Cancer Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer, and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. More than half of NSCLC patients die after developing metastases. There are no tests currently that would allow doctors to identify patients where more aggressive therapy could reduce mortality. Researchers at Tulane University have identified a protein on tumor-derived extracellular vesicles that indicates if a NSCLC tumor is likely to metastasize, according to a new study in Science Advances.
• Protein in Eye Protects Lens From Damaging Oxidation The lens of the human eye comprises a highly concentrated protein solution, which lends the lens its great refractive power. Protective proteins prevent these proteins from clumping together throughout a lifetime. A team of scientists from the Technical University of Munich (TUM) has now uncovered the precise structure of the alpha-A-crystallin protein and, in the process, discovered an important additional function.
• Study Reveals How Insulin-Like Hormone Relaxin Reverses Cardiovascular Disease As a healthy heart ages, it becomes more susceptible to cardiovascular diseases. Though researchers have discovered that relaxin, an insulin-like hormone, suppresses atrial fibrillation (AF), inflammation, and fibrosis in aged rats, the underlying mechanisms of these benefits are still unknown. Researchers discuss how relaxin interacts with the body's signaling processes to produce a fundamental mechanism that may have great therapeutic potential.
• Keto Diet Works Best in Small Doses in Mouse Study A ketogenic diet produces health benefits in the short term. As the body burns ketone bodies as an alternative source of fuel, tissue-protective gamma delta T-cells expand throughout the body, but negative effects appear after about a week, researchers found in a study of mice.
• Tau Protein Surpasses Amyloid in Predicting Brain Tissue Degeneration of Alzheimer New research implicates tau protein brain to degeneration in Alzheimer's disease more directly than amyloid, demonstrating potential of tau-based PET (positron emission tomography) brain imaging to improve patient care.
• Identification of Key Protein Linked to Senescence, Aging Aging is a dramatic public health issue in the face of the current demographic changes: the proportion of 60 and over in the world's population will almost double by 2050. In this context, a new discovery has just broadened scientific knowledge. Researchers shed light on the mechanisms of senescence, by identifying a key protein associated with aging.
• Your Brain May Actively Forget During REM Sleep Rapid eye movement, or REM, sleep is when most of our dreams are made. Now, in a study of mice, a team of Japanese and U.S. researchers show that it may also be a time when the brain actively forgets.
• Senescent Cell Burden is Reduced in Humans by Senolytic Drugs In a small safety and feasibility clinical trial, Mayo Clinic researchers have demonstrated for the first time that senescent cells can be removed from the body using drugs termed “senolytics”. The result was verified not only in analysis of blood but also in changes in skin and fat tissue senescent cell abundance. The findings appear in the journal EBioMedicine.
• Lithium, Trametinib and Rapamycin Combo Extends Lifespan of Fruit Flies by 48% A triple drug combination has been used to extend the lifespan of fruit flies by 48% in a new study led by UCL and the Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing. The three drugs are all already in use as medical treatments: lithium as a mood stabiliser, trametinib as a cancer treatment and rapamycin as an immune system regulator.
• The Scientific Evidence for the Health Benefits of Cordyceps The Cordyceps fungus is said to have the power to fix a host of health problems, from muscle fatigue to diabetes. But are the claims too good to be true?
• 'Tantalizing' Results For A Test Of Vitamin C For Sepsis Could the leading cause of death in hospitals be curtailed with a safe and inexpensive treatment that includes vitamin C? That question has been on the minds of intensive care doctors since the spring of 2017, when a well-known physician asserted that he was saving the lives of most of his patients with sepsis by using a treatment based on intravenous vitamin C.
• Reduced Slow-Wave Sleep Is Associated with High Cerebrospinal Fluid Aβ42 Levels Emerging evidence suggests a role for sleep in contributing to the progression of Alzheimer disease (AD). Slow wave sleep (SWS) is the stage during which synaptic activity is minimal and clearance of neuronal metabolites is high, making it an ideal state to regulate levels of amyloid beta (Aβ).
• What About Sleep Changes with Age? Older adults do not sleep as well as younger adults. Why? What alterations in sleep quantity and quality occur as we age, and are there functional consequences? What are the underlying neural mechanisms that explain age-related sleep disruption? This review tackles these questions.
• Xylaria Nigripes Mitigates Spatial Memory Impairment Induced by REM Sleep Deprivation Xylaria Nigripes exerts effective protection against spatial memory impairment induced by rapid eye movement sleep deprivation in rats; Xylaria Nigripes is a potential effective drug to treat spatial memory impairment. Its act mechanism could be elevating phosphorylation of CREB in hippocampus.
• The Heterogeneity of Senescent Cells Cellular senescence, discovered in 1961 by Leonard Hayflick and Paul Moorhead, is a state in which cells no longer perform their functions, instead emitting harmful chemicals that turn other cells senescent. Senescence is primarily caused by telomere shortening and DNA damage, and senescent cells are known to contribute to multiple diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and dementia.
• Sleeping Less Than 6 Hours with Heart Disease and Diabetes is a Deadly Combo Middle-aged adults with high blood pressure, Type 2 diabetes, heart disease or stroke could be at increased risk for cancer and early death when sleeping less than 6 hours per day.
• Inexpensive Arthritis Drug Methotrexate Can Effectively Treat Blood Cancer Sufferers A simple arthritis drug could be an effective, low cost solution to treat patients with blood cancers such as polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET), a breakthrough study has shown.
• Inexpensive Arthritis Drug Methotrexate Can Effectively Treat Blood Cancers A simple arthritis drug could be an effective, low cost solution to treat patients with blood cancers such as polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET), a breakthrough study has shown.
• Parkinson's Disease May Originate in the Intestines A theory that Parkinson's disease can arise in the intestinal system and from there migrate to the brain has now gained support from new research.
• Popular Drug Reverses Cardiac Remodeling to Treat Heart Failure Significant improvements in cardiac structure and function, biomarkers of cardiac wall stress and injury, and overall quality of life in the patients, underscores the potent effect of sacubitril/valsartan on cardiac remodeling in heart failure in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. These trials suggest that sacubitril/valsartan may actually reverse the cardiac remodeling that drives heart failure progression and worsening of clinical outcomes.
• Kitchen Sponges Harbor Viruses That Kill Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Researchers have discovered bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, living in their kitchen sponges. As the threat of antibiotic resistance increases, bacteriophages, or phages for short, may prove useful in fighting bacteria that cannot be killed by antibiotics alone.
• Healthy, Stress-Busting Fat Found Hidden in Dirt Thirty years after scientists coined the term 'hygiene hypothesis' to suggest that increased exposure to microorganisms could benefit health, researchers have identified an anti-inflammatory fat in a soil-dwelling bacterium that may be responsible.
• Obesity, Diabetes, High Cholesterol More Prevalent Among Irregular Sleepers A new study has found that not sticking to a regular bedtime and wake up schedule -- and getting different amounts of sleep each night -- can put a person at higher risk for obesity, high cholesterol, hypertension, high blood sugar and other metabolic disorders. In fact, for every hour of variability in time to bed and time asleep, a person may have up to a 27% greater chance of experiencing a metabolic abnormality.
• Bid to Beat Superbugs Boosted by Immune Defense Discovery Scientists have found a molecule produced by the body – called LL-37 – specifically targets infected cells to produce a signal that summons neutrophils while causing infected cells to self-destruct, removing the threat to other healthy cells before the bacteria can grow and spread.
• Antibiotics in World's Rivers Exceed 'Safe' Levels in New Global Study Concentrations of antibiotics found in some of the world's rivers exceed 'safe' levels by up to 300 times, the first ever global study has discovered.
• New Protein Discovery Protects Against High-Dose Radiation Damage Intensive radiotherapy can be toxic in 60 percent of patients with tumors located in the gastrointestinal cavity. The protein URI protected mice against high-dose ionizing radiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome and enhanced intestinal regeneration and survival in 100 percent of the cases. This finding could be useful to mitigate side effects of other sources of intensive radiation, such as nuclear accidents, nuclear warfare or the exposure to cosmic radiation during space explorations.
• Breakthrough in 3D Printing Replacement Organs Bioengineers bioprint tissues with entangled vascular networks to mimic the body's natural passageways for blood, air, lymph and other vital fluids.
• Right Combination of Diet and Bacteria Limits Cancer Progression Researchers have discovered a combination of dietary factors and gut bacteria that inhibits the progression of colorectal cancer. Their findings could help exploit dietary regimens for therapeutic purposes to improve chemotherapy efficacy and reduce toxicity.
• Disease-Causing Amoeba Hides by Nibbling, Displaying Proteins From Host cells A parasitic amoeba that causes severe gut disease in humans protects itself from attack by biting off pieces of host cells and putting their proteins on its own surface, according to microbiologists.
• New Method Effectively Kills Bacterial Biofilms to Improve Wound Care Removal of pyruvate induces a physiological change in biofilm bacteria that causes them to disassemble the biofilm structure, rendering biofilm bacteria more susceptible to antibiotics.
• New Approach Offers Hope for Deadly Pancreatic Cancer Patients live 89% longer than the expected 12 to 18 months, with an average survival of five years, using new approach of extended, personalized chemotherapy and radiation.
• Globally, One in Five Deaths Associated with Poor Diet People in almost every region of the world could benefit from rebalancing their diets to eat optimal amounts of various foods and nutrients, according to the Global Burden of Disease study tracking trends in consumption of 15 dietary factors from 1990 to 2017 in 195 countries.
• Use of Sleeping Pills Linked to Blood Pressure Medications A study of 752 older adults with hypertension followed from 2008-2010 through 2012-2013, using sleeping pills on a regular basis was linked with use of an increasing number of blood pressure medications over time.
• New Medication Enhances Muscle and Bone Mass A new group of compounds – Inhibitors of the Activin-receptor Signaling Pathway, or IASPs – have been shown to increase muscle and bone mass in mice, offering hope to the elderly and people suffering from weak muscles and bones due to illness.
• Study Uncovers Genetic Switches Controlling Whole-Body Regeneration Researchers are shedding new light on how animals perform whole-body regeneration, and uncovered a number of DNA switches that appear to control genes used in the process.
• Algae Could Prevent Amputation From Critical Limb Ischaemia Researchers develop new algae-based treatment which could reduce the need of leg amputation in people with severely limited blood flow.
• Lowering Blood Pressure Prevents Brain Damage in Elderly Elderly people who took medicine to keep their 24-hour systolic blood pressure around 130 mm Hg for three years showed significantly fewer harmful brain lesions compared to with those with systolic BP around 145 mm Hg.
• Diabetes Drug Effective Against Heart Failure in Wide Spectrum of Patients The cardiovascular benefits of the diabetes drug dapagliflozin extend across a wide spectrum of patients, Those with reduced ejection fraction see greatest decrease in death and hospitalizations.
• Push-up Capacity Linked with Reduced Cardiovascular Disease in Men Active, middle-aged men able to complete more than 40 push-ups had a significantly lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes – including coronary artery disease and heart failure – compared with those who were able to do less than 10 push-ups during the baseline exam.
• Diets Consisting of Fewer Calories Improve Cell Performance Animal experiments have shown that caloric restriction causes cellular changes that can prevent diseases. Researchers have now shown that low-calorie meals have a protective effect against some diseases.
• Drug Combo Offers New Treatment for Advanced Kidney Cancer A combination of two drugs — one of them an immunotherapy agent — could become a new standard, first-line treatment for patients with metastatic kidney cancer, results from a phase 3 clinical trial suggest.
• Higher Blood Levels of Flame-Retardant Toxins in Children Children living in homes with all vinyl flooring or flame-retardant chemicals in the sofa have significantly higher concentrations of potentially harmful semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in their blood or urine than children from homes where these materials are not present.
• Cell Study Sheds Light on Damage Caused by Aging Some of the damaging cell effects linked to aging could be prevented by manipulating tiny parts of cells, a study shows. Scientists have shed light on how the harm caused by senescence – a vital cell process that plays a key role in diseases of aging – could be controlled or even stopped.
• Gut Bacteria May Have a Direct Association With Dementia Researchers studying the population of bacteria and microbes in the intestines, known as gut microbiota, have found these "bugs" impact risks for diseases of the heart and more.
• Scientists Discover Cellular Process That Stops Cancer Before it Starts Scientists studying the relationship of telomeres to cancer made a surprising discovery: a cellular recycling process called autophagy – generally thought of as a survival mechanism – actually promotes the death of cells, thereby preventing cancer initiation.
• Aspirin and Ibuprofen Improve Survival in Head and Neck Cancer Regular use of common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin and ibuprofen significantly improves survival for a third or more patients with head and neck cancer, improving overall five-year survival rate from 25 percent to 78 percent.
• Stroke Drug May Prevent Alzheimer's Disease A drug currently being developed to treat stroke patients could also prevent Alzheimer's disease. Researchers report that the compound protects the brains of mice with Alzheimer's-like symptoms, reducing the buildup of toxic peptides and preventing memory loss.
• Fasting Protects Against Aging-Associated Diseases Researchers found evidence that fasting affects circadian clocks in the liver and skeletal muscle, causing them to rewire their metabolism, which can ultimately lead to improved health and protection against aging-associated diseases.
• Protein Alteration Controls Cell's Response to Stress, Immunity and Lifespan Scientists have revealed new insight into a stress-response mechanism, unfolded protein response (UPR), tnat will help researchers understand the processes that protect cells, boost immunity and extend lifespan.
• Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs Reduce Brown Adipose Tissue Researchers report that statins, one of the most commonly prescribed classes of pharmaceuticals, reduce beneficial brown adipose tissue. Statins also increase risk of developing diabetes, suggesting a possible link between the two effects.
• ‘Nanoscavengers’ Could Protect People From Sarin Gas, Other Nerve Agents In the 1980s, thousands of Iranians were killed from exposure to the nerve agents sarin and tobin unleased by Iraqi forces. Similar chemicals have been used against soldiers and civilians in recent wars and terrorist attacks. Now, researchers are reporting a new therapy that may be able to provide long-acting protection against these agents.
• Gut Microbiome Regulates the Intestinal Immune System A new study in mice unveils the role of vitamin A in immune system regulation, a finding that could assist in developing treatments for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases as well as vitamin A deficiency.
• Biologists Turn Eavesdropping Viruses Into Bacterial Assassins Researchers have found a bacteria-killing virus that can listen in on bacterial conversations – and then they made it attack diseases including salmonella, E. coli and cholera.
• Potential Arthritis Treatment Prevents Cartilage Breakdown In a new treatment that could improve options available for osteoarthritis, engineers have designed a material that can be directly injected deeply into cartilage to deliver drugs that could potentially heal damaged tissue.
• Link Between Neonatal Vitamin D Deficiency and Schizophrenia Confirmed Newborns with vitamin D deficiency have an increased risk of schizophrenia later in life, a team of Australian and Danish researchers has reported. The discovery could help prevent some cases of the disease by treating vitamin D deficiency during the earliest stages of life.
• Tissue-Engineered Spinal Disks Mimic Real Thing Two-thirds of adults in the US will suffer from back or neck pain during their lifetimes. In this report researchers are getting closer to engineering healthy disk-like structures to implant in humans. In animal trials the disks become stable and well-integrated into the native tissue of the spinal columns several weeks post-surgery.
• Experimental Drug Cocktail Yields Greatest Lifespan Extension Ever Seen in Animals Scientists tried experimental combinations of different compounds on the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, and found that cocktails made up of already existing drugs could both slow the effects of ageing and significantly boost the animals' longevity.
• Antibiotic and Probiotic Combo Successfully Eradicate Resistant Bacteria Researchers have devised a new way to combat antibiotic resistance by combining a probiotic with an antibiotic. Encapsulating the probiotic in a biofilm-inspired shell of alginate prevented the antibiotic from killing it. The combination successfully eradicated two strains of drug-resistant bacteria known to infect wounds.
• Does Herpes Cause Alzheimer’s? A new study looks at the possible causal link between the herpes virus and Alzheimer’s disease. Researchers report antiviral drugs significantly reduce the risk of developing dementia in patients with severe herpes infections
• Amino Acid L-Alanine Improves Glucose Control in Diabetes Scientists discover that L-Alanine activates AMP kinase (AMPK) to increase energy production in cells, resulting in a short-term reduction in blood glucose that does not involve insulin.
• Whey Protein Best for Helping Seniors Rebuild Lost Muscle While exercise buffs have long used protein supplements to gain muscle, new research suggests one protein source in particular, whey protein, is most effective for seniors struggling to rebuild muscle lost from inactivity associated with illness or long hospital stays.
• New 3-D Process Can Print Human Ligaments and Tendons Scientists have developed a method to 3-D print cells to produce human tissue such as ligaments and tendons. A person with a badly damaged ligament, tendon, or ruptured disc could simply have new replacement tissue printed and ultimately implanted in the damaged area.
• Newly Discovered Compounds Shed Light Health Benefits of Whole Grains Scientists have discovered new compounds that may explain whole grain health benefits. A high intake of whole grains increased the levels of betaine compounds in the body which, in turn, was associated with improved glucose metabolism, among other things.
• Nasal Administration of Resveratrol Shows Promise in Lung Cancer Lung cancer is the deadliest form of cancer in the world. Resveratrol exhibits chemopreventive properties against cancers of the digestive tract, no shows no effect on lung cancers. Scientists demonstrate that nasal administration of resveratrol shows very promising results in a study conducted in mice.
• Processed Meat Consumption Linked to Higher Breast Cancer Risk Previous studies linking red and processed meat consumption with breast cancer have been inconsistent. Now a new paper analyzing 15 earlier studies shows that eating processed meats is associated with a 9% higher breast cancer risk.
• Human Gut Study Questions Health Benefits of Probiotics New research suggests that probiotics might not be as effective as we think. Through a series of experiments looking inside the human gut, researchers show that many people's digestive tracts prevent standard probiotics from successfully colonizing them.
• Skin Cancer Linked to Widely-Used Drug Azathioprine The widely used drug azathioprine, used to treat inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, vasculitis and organ rejection, is identified as an important contributor to skin cancer development, especially cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC).
• Eating in 10-hour Window Can Override Disease-Causing Genetic Defects, Nurture Health Mice lacking the biological clocks thought to be necessary for a healthy metabolism are still protected against obesity and metabolic diseases by having their daily access to food restricted to a 10-hour window.
• ACE Inhibitors Prevent Memory Loss in Lupus Patients, Study Suggests Activation of brain cells called microglia contributes to the memory loss and cognitive impairment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). ACE inhibitors – drugs used to treat hypertension – block this process in mice and might help preserve memory in lupus patients.
• Aldosterone Hormone Link Between Diabetes and Hypertension Identified Increased levels of the hormone aldosterone, already associated with hypertension, can play a significant role in the development of diabetes, particularly among certain racial groups, researchers report.
• Hormone Therapy Can Make Prostate Cancer Worse, Study Finds Scientists have discovered how prostate cancer can sometimes withstand and outwit a standard hormone therapy, causing the cancer to spread. The findings may lead to a simple blood test to predict when hormone therapy resistance will occur.
• Widespread Use of Statins in Healthy Older People to Prevent Heart Disease Not Recommended in New Study Statins are not associated with a reduction in cardiovascular disease (conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels) or death in healthy people aged over 75, a new study finds.
• Secret Tunnels Discovered Between Skull and Brain According to a new study of mice and humans, tiny tunnels run from bone marrow in the skull into the lining of the brain and may provide a direct route for immune cells responding to injuries caused by stroke and other brain disorders.
• Oxygen Therapy for Patients Suffering a Heart Attack Does Not Prevent Heart Failure Oxygen therapy does not prevent the development of heart failure nor reduce the long-term risk of dying for patients with suspected heart attack.
• Sharp Increase in Falls in Women During Midlife Falls are not just a problem of advanced age, according to researchers in Trinity College Dublin, who have identified a sharp increase in falls after the age of 40, particularly in women.
• Osteoporosis Linked to Increased Risk of Dementia in Men and Women Osteoporosis is associated with a 1.2-fold increase in the risk of being diagnosed with dementia in women and a 1.3-fold increase in the risk of being diagnosed with dementia in men in new study.
• Eating Breakfast Burns More Carbs During Exercise and Accelerates Metabolism for Next Meal New research suggests that eating breakfast could 'prime' the body to burn carbohydrates during exercise and more rapidly metabolize foods after working out.
• Weight Loss Leads to Remission of Type 2 Diabetes in Some Patients Nearly half of individuals with type 2 diabetes achieved remission to a non-diabetic state after weight-loss. Now a new study links weight loss is with early and sustained improvement in the functioning of pancreatic beta cells.
• Products of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Metabolism May Have Anticancer Effects Molecules formed when the body metabolizes omega-3 fatty acids inhibit cancer's growth and spread in a new study in mice. The molecules – endocannabinoids – are made naturally by the body and have similar properties to cannabinoids found in marijuana.
• Technique May Improve Lung Delivery of Bacteria-Killing Phage A new delivery system for bacteriophages – viruses that selectively attack harmful bacteria – could help give doctors a new way to battle lung infections that threaten older patients and people with cystic fibrosis.
• Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis Deaths Skyrocket in Young Adults Rapid rise in liver deaths highlights new challenges in treatment and prevention, despite gains in fighting hepatitis C, researchers say.
• New Blood Test for Autism is Highly Accurate One year after researchers published their work on a physiological test for autism, a follow-up study confirms its exceptional success, with an 88 percent accuracy rate in correctly predicting if a child is on the autism spectrum.
• Prostate Cancer Ultrasound Treatment as Effective as Surgery or Radiotherapy Using high energy ultrasound beams to destroy prostate cancer tumours may be as effective as surgery or radiotherapy, but with fewer side effects.
• Exposure to Paint, Varnish, Other Solvents Linked to Increased Risk of MS People exposed to paint, varnish and other solvents who also carry genes that make them more susceptible to developing multiple sclerosis (MS) may be at much greater risk of developing the disease than people who have only the exposure to solvents or the MS genes.
• Daily Fasting on 16:8 Diet Aids Weight Loss Daily fasting is an effective tool to reduce weight and lower blood pressure, according to a new study that examines the effect of time-restricted eating on weight loss in obese individuals.
• Experimental Drug Stops Parkinson's Disease Progression in Mice Researchers say they have developed an experimental drug, similar to compounds used to treat diabetes, that slows the progression of Parkinson's disease itself – as well as its symptoms – in mice.
• Allergen in Red Meat Linked to Heart Disease A team of researchers says it has linked sensitivity to an allergen in red meat to the buildup of plaque in the arteries of the heart. While high saturated fat levels in red meat have long been known to contribute to heart disease for people in general, the new finding suggests that a subgroup of the population may be at heightened risk for a different reason – a food allergen.
• Do B Vitamins Increase the Risk of Getting Cancer? New study reveals a strong correlation between increased risk of lung cancer and long-term B₆/B₁₂ supplementation, especially in high doses and among smokers. There are several ways B vitamins may interact with cancer metabolism; more research is needed to determine the exact mechanisms at work.
• Growth Hormone May Improve Memory and Recovery For Stroke Survivors Less fatigue and better recovery of cognitive abilities such as learning and memory. These may be the results of growth hormone treatment after a stroke, an experimental study of mice suggests.
• Scientists Develop First 3D-Printed Human Corneas The first human corneas have been 3D-printed by scientists. It means the technique could be used in the future to ensure an unlimited supply of corneas.
• Fully Reprogrammed Virus Offers New Hope as Cancer Treatment Researchers have successfully 'trained' a respiratory virus to recognize ovarian cancer and completely destroy it without infecting other cells. The reprogrammed virus could also be used to treat other cancers such as breast, pancreatic, lung and oral.
• Vitamin B6 Helps People Recall Dreams New research from the University of Adelaide has found that taking high-dose vitamin B6 supplements before going to bed for five consecutive days could help people recall their dreams.
• Cocktail Of Vitamins And Steroids Treating a Major Killer In Hospitals
  An inexpensive cocktail of IV vitamin C, B1 (thiamine) and steroids is saving lives from sepsis, an out of control inflammatory response that kills more than 700 Americans every day.
• Gut Bacteria Linked to Arthritis, Knee Pain Bacteria in the gut, known as the gut microbiome, could be the culprit behind arthritis and joint pain that plagues people who are obese, according to a new study published today in JCI Insight.
• Kitchen Cabinets Are Emitting PCBs, Other Hazardous Compounds Scientist have detected airborne polychlorinated biphenyl compounds (PCBs) in kitchen cabinets. Widely considered carcinogenic, PCBs, are unwanted byproducts of modern kitchen sealants.
• Fatty Fish, Camelina Sativa Oil Improve HDL and IDL Cholesterol Eating fatty fish increases the size and composition of HDL particles in people with impaired glucose metabolism, and Camelina sativa oil shown to reduce harmful IDL particles.
• World's Oldest Insect Inspires New Generation of Aerogels Experts have created a new form of highly-efficient, low-cost, sustainable insulation based on the wings of a dragonfly.
• New Breath and Urine Tests Detect Early Breast Cancer More Accurately A new method for early and accurate breast cancer screening has been developed using commercially available technology.