A chemist based at the University of Copenhagen has taken out a patent for a drug that can make previously multidrug-resistant bacteria once again responsive to antibiotics.
Jørn Bolstad Christensen and his colleagues hope that the substance will soon be able to tackle the tremendous problems associated with multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). But first, they need to find investors interested in getting the substance onto the market.
Before the development of penicillin, people dropped like flies in response to minor infections: in the lungs, in small cuts. Even pimples could grow to boils that killed. But one of the main killers prior to the discovery of antibiotics was tuberculosis.
The deadly infectious disease that typically affects the lungs has returned. It has developed a resistance to the majority of antibiotics that would otherwise kill the tuberculosis bacteria. Currently, the disease doesn’t pose an imminent threat to the industrialized world. However, resistant strains of the bacteria are nearing the region’s borders. This is one of the reasons why researchers around the world are busy trying to solve the problem of drug resistance.
Bacteria that have developed a resistance are still vulnerable to antibiotics, but they have developed an ability to shed bacteria killing substances before any damage is done to them. Colloquially, this is referred to as pooping the substance out, but the scientific formulation is that these bacteria activate an efflux pump. Jørn Bolstad Christensen has isolated a substance able to block the efflux pump so that an antibiotic remains in bacteria until the bacteria dies.
“You could say that we cure bacteria of their resistance, and slay them with antibiotics,” explains Associate Professor Jørn Bolstad Christensen.
Working with doctors Jette Kristiansen from the University of Southern Denmark and Oliver Hendricks from the King Christian X’s Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases in Gråsten, Denmark, Jørn Bolstad Christensen discovered that Thioridazin, an antipsychotic drug, was able to kill bacteria without any noticeably harmful effects upon humans. Still, the chemists had an idea that could make the substance even more benign.
Many chemical substances can be found in two very similar variations. Popularly put, these forms present a mirror image of one another. Chemists refer to these mirror images as chirals or isomers. It isn’t uncommon for two isomers of the same substance to have very different properties. In the case of Thioridazin, it has been shown that while both substances block the bacteria’s efflux pumps, one of them has considerably less of an effect upon the human brain. So Christiansen had to isolate the milder half of the substance.
“We now have a substance that is able to block the bacteria’s efflux pump. At very most, recipients of the medication may become slightly sluggish. This is also because very small doses are needed to affect the bacteria,” says Jørn Bolstad Christensen.
Because Thioridazin is an approved drug, the research team hopes that the new anti-resistance medication, JEK 47, will be approved without going through the entire process that new pharmaceuticals are typically subjected to. If this is the case, JEK 47 will most likely be a cheap medication that a pharmaceuticals manufacturer could release quickly. However if an investor does not show interest, Christensen is certain about his next step.
“I would rather donate this discovery to an NGO able to use this substance in poor countries that suffer from drug-resistance problems than watch it collect dust in the industrialised world. So, I hope that an investor comes along to develop this ground-breaking substance,” concludes Bolstad Christensen.
Story Source: University of Copenhagen – Faculty of Science. “Chemist gets U.S. patent for solution to antibiotic resistance problem.” ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 17 February 2014.
